are the most versatile "hubs" on your worksheet. From a haloalkane, you can branch out into: Nucleophilic Substitution ( ): Swap the halogen for an −OHnegative cap O cap H (alcohol), −CNnegative cap C cap N (nitrile), or −NH2negative cap N cap H sub 2 Elimination: Use a strong base (like ethanolic KOHcap K cap O cap H ) to move back to an alkene. 3. The Oxidation Ladder
Reagents: _______________ Mechanism name: _______________
Each arrow connecting two functional groups must include:
| Transformation | Reagents/Conditions | Reaction Type | Mechanism Clue | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Alkene → Alkane | H2, Pt/Pd/Ni (Catalytic hydrogenation) | Reduction (Addition) | Syn addition | | Alkene → Alcohol (Markovnikov) | H2O, H2SO4 (acid-catalyzed hydration) | Electrophilic addition | Carbocation intermediate | | Alkene → Alcohol (Anti-Markovnikov) | 1. BH3·THF 2. H2O2, OH– | Hydroboration-oxidation | Syn addition, no rearrangement | | Alkene → Dihalide | Br2 (or Cl2) in CCl4 | Halogenation | Anti addition via bromonium ion | | Alkene → Halohydrin | Br2, H2O | Halohydrin formation | Regioselective (OH to more sub. C) | | Alkene → Epoxide | m-CPBA (peroxyacid) | Epoxidation | Concerted, stereospecific | | Alkene → Diol (syn) | OsO4 or KMnO4 (cold, dilute) | Dihydroxylation | Syn addition | | Alkene → Diol (anti) | 1. RCO3H 2. H3O+ | Epoxide ring opening | Anti addition | | Alkene → Alkyl halide | HX (HCl, HBr, HI) | Hydrohalogenation | Markovnikov; rearrangements possible | | Alkene → Aldehyde (ozonolysis) | 1. O3 2. DMS | Oxidative cleavage | Breaks C=C into C=O |
Organic Reaction Pathways Worksheet [verified] -
are the most versatile "hubs" on your worksheet. From a haloalkane, you can branch out into: Nucleophilic Substitution ( ): Swap the halogen for an −OHnegative cap O cap H (alcohol), −CNnegative cap C cap N (nitrile), or −NH2negative cap N cap H sub 2 Elimination: Use a strong base (like ethanolic KOHcap K cap O cap H ) to move back to an alkene. 3. The Oxidation Ladder
Reagents: _______________ Mechanism name: _______________ organic reaction pathways worksheet
Each arrow connecting two functional groups must include: are the most versatile "hubs" on your worksheet
| Transformation | Reagents/Conditions | Reaction Type | Mechanism Clue | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Alkene → Alkane | H2, Pt/Pd/Ni (Catalytic hydrogenation) | Reduction (Addition) | Syn addition | | Alkene → Alcohol (Markovnikov) | H2O, H2SO4 (acid-catalyzed hydration) | Electrophilic addition | Carbocation intermediate | | Alkene → Alcohol (Anti-Markovnikov) | 1. BH3·THF 2. H2O2, OH– | Hydroboration-oxidation | Syn addition, no rearrangement | | Alkene → Dihalide | Br2 (or Cl2) in CCl4 | Halogenation | Anti addition via bromonium ion | | Alkene → Halohydrin | Br2, H2O | Halohydrin formation | Regioselective (OH to more sub. C) | | Alkene → Epoxide | m-CPBA (peroxyacid) | Epoxidation | Concerted, stereospecific | | Alkene → Diol (syn) | OsO4 or KMnO4 (cold, dilute) | Dihydroxylation | Syn addition | | Alkene → Diol (anti) | 1. RCO3H 2. H3O+ | Epoxide ring opening | Anti addition | | Alkene → Alkyl halide | HX (HCl, HBr, HI) | Hydrohalogenation | Markovnikov; rearrangements possible | | Alkene → Aldehyde (ozonolysis) | 1. O3 2. DMS | Oxidative cleavage | Breaks C=C into C=O | C) | | Alkene → Epoxide | m-CPBA