Zavala’s primary argument is that the concept of "cartels" is a symbolic device created by the U.S. and Mexican governments. This narrative, which he calls the "phantom crime ideology," serves several purposes:
Since its publication, Los Carteles No Existen has become a staple in university courses on Latin American studies, criminology, and journalism. The search for a stems from several factors:
Zavala’s primary argument is that the concept of "cartels" is a symbolic device created by the U.S. and Mexican governments. This narrative, which he calls the "phantom crime ideology," serves several purposes:
Since its publication, Los Carteles No Existen has become a staple in university courses on Latin American studies, criminology, and journalism. The search for a stems from several factors:
.jpg)
.jpg)
