: Includes magic squares (wafq), astrological timings based on the lunar mansions, instructions for summoning jinn and angels, and the creation of talismans for health, wealth, or protection. Controversy
The availability of an English PDF translation makes it possible for a wider audience to explore this rich and rewarding text. Whether you are a seasoned Sufi practitioner or simply interested in Islamic spirituality, "Shams Al-Ma'arif" is an essential resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the mystical dimensions of Islam.
The book heavily influenced European ceremonial magic via Spanish alchemists. Aleister Crowley reportedly owned a rare manuscript. Modern occultists compare it to the Lesser Key of Solomon but find it more systematic and dangerous.
The book is structured into roughly 40 chapters, moving from theoretical metaphysics to applied magic. Its primary subjects include: