Iec 60071-3 -

: The standard outlined how to ensure system overvoltages (switching or lightning transients) remain below the proven withstand voltages of installed equipment.

LCC + VSC in same station (e.g., for multi-terminal DC grids) create mixed overvoltage profiles. IEC 60071-3 currently does not fully cover coordination between different converter technologies. Iec 60071-3

The final step is to choose standardized withstand voltages from IEC 60071-3 tables (or from IEC 60071-1 for AC parts) that meet or exceed ( U_rw ) for each stress type: : The standard outlined how to ensure system

IEC 60071-3 introduces specific voltage definitions for HVDC: Iec 60071-3

Applying it correctly yields: