This article is accurate as of Windows 10 22H2. For Windows 11, the process is nearly identical except the default profile path remains the same.
From an elevated command prompt (in Windows RE or Safe Mode), use diskpart and vssadmin : Download Ntuser.dat File Windows 10
If you have System Restore enabled, you can extract an older, healthy version of the file—again, no download required. This article is accurate as of Windows 10 22H2