Computer Architecture 2021 Direct

: Features a single unified memory for both data and instructions.

Modern processors don't wait for one instruction to finish before starting the next. Pipelining breaks an instruction into 10-20 stages (Fetch → Decode → Read Registers → Execute → Write Back). Ideally, the CPU finishes one instruction per clock cycle . architecture goes further: it has multiple execution units, allowing the CPU to dispatch 4, 5, or 6 instructions in the same clock cycle (e.g., do two integer adds and one floating-point multiply simultaneously). Computer Architecture

Understanding where we are going requires knowing where we came from. The evolution of Computer Architecture is a tale of relentless miniaturization and increasing abstraction. : Features a single unified memory for both