Proteus needs a .hex or .elf file to load into the microcontroller.
Proteus by Labcenter Electronics is famous for mixed-mode SPICE simulation and microcontroller co-simulation. Since version 8.9, Proteus includes simulation models for selected STM32 chips (primarily STM32F103xx – Cortex-M3). This allows you to write, load, and debug STM32 code entirely within a simulated environment. stm32 in proteus
The most common mistake beginners make when trying to simulate is generating the wrong type of code. Proteus needs a