| Symptom | Likely Cause (Per Diagram Logic) | Diagnostic Step | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Motor vibrates, overcurrent alarm | Incorrect encoder phasing (Sin/Cos swapped) | Swap Sin+ with Cos+ and Sin- with Cos- on the drive side. | | Motor holds position, but does not release brake | No 24V at pins 5-6 | Measure voltage at motor connector. Check brake relay in diagram. | | Motor runs rough, loses position on power cycle | Multi-turn encoder battery dead | Locate battery on diagram (usually two thin red/black wires). Replace with 3.6V lithium. | | High pitched whine when stopped | Brake not fully engaging (voltage too low) | Check diagram: Brake requires 21.6V minimum. Voltage drop over long cables? | | No communication with drive | Data pair (Data+/Data-) reversed | Swap D+ and D- on the drive encoder port. |

Always add a 20% safety margin below the continuous curve. Datasheet values are measured in ideal labs, not inside your hot, cramped enclosure.

The diagram must show separate returns to the drive. Connecting the brake 0V to the encoder 0V induces noise, causing position jitter. The correct diagram shows the brake 0V returning to the drive's brake output terminal, and the encoder 0V returning to the drive's encoder port pin.

Any operating point below this curve means the motor can run indefinitely without overheating (given standard ambient temps). Any point above means you’re on borrowed time—copper losses (I²R) will eventually trip the thermal protection.

This requires the datasheet. Look for a twisted pair with 120-ohm terminating resistor expectation (for RS-485 data lines). Alternatively, look for a 5V rail (pin to pin). The Sin/Cos pairs will have no DC continuity but will have capacitance (if your meter measures nF).

The diagram should warn that using the holding brake as a dynamic brake (to stop rotation) will destroy the brake. The brake is for holding position at zero speed only.

Usually caused by a power surge or a shorted MOSFET.