Do not use Java 9 or newer ā they will not launch on XP.
Update your GPU driver to the last XP-compatible version. For Intel GMA graphics, use Mesa3D wrapper. tlauncher windows xp
Running modern versions of Minecraft via TLauncher on Windows XP is limited by hardware and the available Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Do not use Java 9 or newer ā they will not launch on XP