The primary answer to this Chapter 30, Section 1 guided reading request is a summary of the transition from autocratic czarist rule to the world's first Communist state. This section covers the long-term unrest under the czars, the failures of World War I, and the two major revolutions of 1917 that eventually put Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks in power 1. Long-term Causes of Unrest

In March 1917, women textile workers in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) led a strike for bread. The strikes spread, soldiers mutinied, and the Czar was forced to abdicate. The 300-year-old Romanov dynasty ended abruptly.

The guided reading usually asks students to identify the mistakes of the Provisional Government, led by Alexander Kerensky. Their fatal flaw was continuing the war against Germany, which destroyed their popularity. Meanwhile, the (councils of workers and soldiers) began to gain real power, creating a situation of "dual power."

The Bolsheviks immediately signed the with Germany, giving up huge chunks of land (Finland, Poland, Ukraine) to end the war. This was deeply unpopular but necessary.

: Growing factories led to grueling working conditions, child labor, and miserably low wages. These conditions fostered the growth of revolutionary movements among the proletariat (working class). Marxist Influence : Groups following the ideas of