Industrial wastewater effluent, surface runoff, groundwater depletion.
| Step | Name | Key Activity | |------|------|---------------| | 1 | | Determine if EIA is needed. | | 2 | Scoping | Identify key impacts, alternatives, and terms of reference. Most critical step. | | 3 | Baseline Study | Describe existing environment (air, water, noise, ecology, socio-economics). | | 4 | Impact Prediction | Forecast magnitude, extent, duration, and probability of impacts (e.g., air dispersion modeling, noise mapping). | | 5 | Mitigation | Design measures to avoid, reduce, or compensate for impacts. | | 6 | EIA Report (EIS) | Compile findings into an Environmental Impact Statement. | | 7 | Review & Decision | Public hearings + expert review → approval, rejection, or conditional approval. | | (Post-decision) | Monitoring & Compliance | Verify mitigation works; enforce conditions. | Lecture Notes Environmental Impact Assessment
A solid set of lecture notes must cover the origins of EIA. Most critical step