All documents of this Web server are in Russian. See URL:http://www.free.net/index.htm

FREEnet

 

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FREEnet

The network For Research, Education and Engineering

Website

http://www.free.net/

Email

Affiliation

N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC RAS)

Home

47, Leninskii prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Status

Russian Association of Academic and Research Networks

Subsidies

none

Established

1991

Max speed

15 Gbit/s

Commodity

3 Gbit/s

GEANT

1 Gbit/s

Customers connected

Cities

7

Univ/research

20+

Commercial

none

CEENGINE status assessment

Status

Selfsustainable
     

 

General Overview

FREEnet (the network For Research, Education, and Engineering), a corporate noncommercial computer network, connects the academic and research computer networks of the Russian Academy of Sciences research institutes, universities, higher education institutions and other scientific, educational, and research organizations.

History

FREEnet was established on 20 June 1991 by N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) with the Network Operation Center at Computer Assistance to Chemical Research of RAS. In nineties, when research and educational community in fSU countries lacked the Internet services, FREEnet has developed infrastructure integrated 15 Russian regional RENs as well as some NRENs abroad. The total number of universities and research institution using FREEnet services at those time overcome 350. Later, in accordance with both academic community changing needs, and with general trends of Russian research and educational networking, FREEnet concentrated mostly on providing network infrastructure and advanced services, which users need especially for their research projects, rather than providing just basic Internet services.

FREEnet participated in numerous national and international projects, including those supported by the Ministry of Sciences, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, etc.

Services

Currently, FREEnet provides the following services to its users:

  1. High-speed Internet access via a dedicated line. Both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are available on each access link. The choice of the protocol stack used is up to each user.
  2. Creation of fault-tolerant systems
  3. Remote management of the user's network infrastructure
  4. Traffic classification and assured forwarding services (Class Based QoS)
  5. VPNs over MPLS network infrastructure
  6. Collocation of user's equipment at FREEnet PoPs
  7. IPTV broadcasting over multicast IPv4 and routing of multicast streams among users.
  8. Dark fiber and L2 channels via Ethernet infrastructure.

Environmental Engineering Fundamentals Sustainability __link__

The law of conservation—that matter and energy are neither created nor destroyed—is the bedrock of the field. Engineers use these balances to track pollutants as they move through air, water, and soil, allowing them to design systems that neutralize or remove harmful substances effectively. 2. Water and Wastewater Treatment

The fundamentals of environmental engineering for sustainability rest on a deep respect for physical laws—conservation of mass, thermodynamics, and kinetics—but applied with a . The sustainable engineer does not ask "How do we treat this pollutant?" but rather "How do we design the system so that this pollutant is never generated in the first place, or so that it becomes a resource for another system?" By integrating LCA, circularity, and entropy minimization into every design decision, environmental engineering can evolve from a damage-control discipline to a cornerstone of a truly sustainable civilization. Environmental Engineering Fundamentals Sustainability

Perhaps the most visible aspect of environmental engineering is waste management. The traditional linear model—take, make, dispose—is being replaced by the Circular Economy. The law of conservation—that matter and energy are

Nowhere is the marriage of more evident than in water management. With global freshwater supplies under threat, engineers are pioneering methods to close the water loop. The traditional linear model—take